| Paktika (پکتیکا) | |
| Province | |
| Country | Afghanistan |
|---|---|
| Capital | Sharan |
| - coordinates | |
| Area | 19,482 km2 (7,522 sq mi) |
| Population | 393,800 (2009) [1] |
| Timezone | UTC+4:30 |
| Main language | Pashto |
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Map of Afghanistan with Paktika highlighted
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Paktika (Pashto: پکتیکا) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the south-east of the country. Most of the population is Pashtun. Its capital is Sharan.
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As one of the most remote provinces in Afghanistan and an area that saw much devastation in previous years, Paktika suffers from a severe lack of critical infrastructure. Reconstruction in the province after the fall of the Taliban has been slow compared to that in nearby provinces such as Khost and Zabul. This is primarily due to the remoteness of the region and repeated attacks on aid workers and NATO forces.
In June 2004, members of the Utah and Iowa National Guard helped Army Reserve Civil Affairs Soldiers from Oregon establish a Provincial Reconstruction Team base in Sharan, the provincial capital, to lead the development effort. The first full contingent of eight Civil Affairs Soldiers from the U.S. Army Reserve's 450th Civil Affairs Battalion (Airborne), based in Riverdale Park, Maryland, arrived in September 2004.
In an article from Time Magazine, the U.S. base was described as:
The Shkin firebase is composed of special operations forces. They target, and are constant targets themselves for the Al-Qa'ida and Taliban fighters who launch frequent strikes from nearby Pakistan. The area is unforgiving, where the enemy can hide at close range while remaining invisible. A hunter can become prey very quickly. As U.S. Army Colonel Rodney Davis puts it, "Shkin is the evilest place in Afghanistan." [2]
While the province hasn't witnessed the outright fighting in the last few years that has affected provinces like Helmand, there is a constant low level of tribal violence, accompanied by criminal and Taliban activity. The last serious fighting in the province took place in 2004, amid reports that then-Governor Muhammad Ali Jalali was collaborating with Taliban forces, and that the Taliban had effectively annexed eastern portions of the province. Jalali and many of his allied officials, were replaced and U.S. Special Forces were dispatched to fight the Taliban while the Pakistani forces fought with the Taliban's allies in neighbouring South Waziristan.[3]
On 1 November 2004, a civil affairs convoy was ambushed near Sarobi, between the Shkin firebase and Orgun-E. U.S. Army Spc. James Kearney, a turret gunner, died of a head shot from a sniper, which initiated the ambush. After countless RPGs, PKM rounds and an IED, two vehicles were destroyed and three other Soldiers were wounded.[4] The Provincial Reconstruction Team base was named Camp Kearney on 21 November 2004 to honor the sacrifice of Spc. James Kearney.[5]
On Jun 18, 2008 in the Ziruk District Governor's compound, 2 members of the Provincial Reconstruction Team, HMN Mark Retmier and CM1 Ross Toles, were killed due to rocket attacks. The Mess hall on Forward Operating Base Sharana is named after CM1 Toles and the hospital is named after HMN Retmier.
Kearney Base became the nucleus of what is now Forward Operating Base Sharana.
In late July 2011, foreign troops and Afghan special forces killed more than 50 insurgents during an operation in eastern Paktika to clear a training camp the Haqqani network used for foreign fighters, NATO said. Disenfranchised insurgents told security forces where the camp was located, the coalition said.[6]
On or close to November 9, 2011, an estimated 60 to 70 Taliban militants were killed in an abortive attack on a joint Afghan-ISAF base in the Margha area of Barmal. No international troops were killed or injured in the incident. It is believed the militants crossed over from Pakistan. In a separate incident the governor of Sar Hawza district died late Tuesday after his vehicle struck a roadside bomb. [7]
Eight civilians including a pregnant women and a baby died when a Polish soldier shelled the village of Nangar Khel, where a wedding celebration was taking place. Seven Polish soldiers have been charged with war crimes for allegedly opening fire in revenge.
U.S. Army PFC Bowe Bergdahl was captured by enemy forces on July 4, 2009 near the town of Yahya Khel. This incident occurred as a result of the Soldier leaving his unit without permission and venturing into the local area. He is the only American P.O.W of the Afghanistan conflict. [8]
Mohibullah Samim was appointed as the Governor of Paktika Province, Afghanistan on 20 April 2010.[9]
The previous Governor of the province was Akram Khpalwak. In 2006, a previous Governor of the province, Muhammad Ali Jalali, was killed by Taliban militants while driving in neighbouring Ghazni Province.[10] In 2004, Gulabuddin Mangal was appointed Governor of Paktika Province, replacing Muhammad Ali Jalali who left the governor's compound as ordered, but only after firing two rockets at it.
New official Sulaimankhel Social Tribal Council licensed and registered with The Afghanistan Ministry of Justice and The Ministry of Borders and Tribal Affairs has been established in Kabul Afghanistan. Ayoub Khalikyar Sulaimankhel is the president of Sulaimankhel Tribal Council of Afghanistan.
(See Pakthas, Loya Paktia and Pre-Islamic scripts in Afghanistan
Paktika is the western-most part of a historical region known as "Loya" or "Greater" Paktia (Pashto: لویه پکتیا), that was once a unified province with Paktia and Khost, along with parts of Ghazni and Logar. The tribes that reside in this area were mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus, who called them the "Pactyans" as early as the 1st millennium BCE.
In the 1970s, the provincial capital of the largely undeveloped and remote province of Paktika was moved from the town of Urgun to Sharan due to its proximity with the main highway, connecting it to the larger cities and commercial centres of Kabul, Ghazni and Kandahar.
Paktika was the site of many battles during the Soviet occupation of the country and the lawless years that followed.
The Siege of Urgun took place between 1983 and 1984.
Paktika sits very close to the Durrand Line, the poorly marked border between Afghanstan and Pakistan. It is bordered by the Khost and Paktia provinces to the north. Both the North Waziristan and the South Waziristan Agencies are to the east. The western border is shared with the provinces of Ghazni and Zabul, while Balochistan, Pakistan is on its southern flank.
Paktika, like many other areas of Afghanistan, has been severely deforested. This has been a cause of devastating floods in recent years.
Paktika Province is mainly hilly and interspersed with seasonal river valleys. In the north, the terrain gains elevation and becomes more rugged. In the west, the Rowd-e Lurah River originates in the mountainous Omna District and flows southwest to the Ghazni Province, forming a shallow river valley that dominates the topography in the Zarghun Shahr, Jani Khel, and Dila Districts. The terrain in Omna becomes more hilly further east in proximity to Pakistan. The sparsely populated southern districts are also hilly, with descending elevation towards the south and west.
The Gomal River, which has a varied flow depending on season, runs from its origin in the mountains of the Sar Hawza District and flows south, before turning southeast to the Pakistani border, forming the broad river valley that defines the topography of the Gomal District, before flowing east through Pakistan and eventually running to the powerful Indus River.
The population of this province is 393,800 people in which over 96% people are Pashtuns.[11]
15000 people (1.8%) are Uzbeks; and about 5,000 people speak some other languages.[11] These are most probably Hazaras or Baloch.
In the 19th century, there was a small group of Tajiks who practiced ironmongery, mostly in Urgun.[12][13]
The overwhelming majority of Paktika's popultion (around 99%) live in rural districts. The capital city, Sharan, has around 54,400 inhabitants. The majority of Pakikta's Districts have between 25,000 and 55,000 inhabitants. Only two districts, Nika and Turwo have less than 20,000 inhabitants, with a little more than 15,000 apiece. Two of the least mountainous districts, Urgun and neighboring Barmal have nearly 90,000 inhabitants each. There are around 115,000 households, with eight members apiece, in the Province.
Most of the Population is Sunni Muslim, and belongs to the Hanafi School.
Some tribes in Paktika may be pastoral.
The main Pashtun tribes that live in Paktika are:
The Sulaimankhel are one of the largest sub-tribes of the Ghilzai Pashtuns. The Sulaimankhel tribe is mainly located in the southern and eastern portions of Afghanistan; however, they also have a strong presence in the northern and western portions of Afghanistan. The second largest Sulaimankhel population is located in Pakistan. Not only are they located in the province of Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province, but also located in Karachi and other parts of Pakistan.
The Kharoti and Suleimankhel tribes are traditional rivals, although they co-exist together in several districts. The larger, influential and more powerful Suleimankhel have historically had the upper hand in this rivalry. There is also rivalry between the Jalalzai and the Suleimankhel.
The Wazir, Kharoti and Furmali are involved in a land dispute. There is often ethnic tension, especially in multi-ethnic districts like Barmal, where both the Kharotis and the Wazir tribes live. This rivalry is one of the most violent amongst all Pashtuns.
| District | Capital | Population [11] | Area[14] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barmal | 88,028 | |||
| Dila | 50,203 | |||
| Gayan | 42,495 | |||
| Gomal | 64,275 | |||
| Jani Khel | 35,251 | Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shahr District | ||
| Mata Khan | 19,758 | |||
| Nika | 15,103 | |||
| Omna | 25,690 | |||
| Sar Hawza | 36,236 | |||
| Sarobi | 48,291 | This is NOT the same District as Surobi District in Kabul Province. | ||
| Sharan | 54,416 | |||
| Terwa | 15,332 | Created in 2004 within Waza Khwa District | ||
| Urgun | 89,718 | |||
| Waza Khwa | 50,818 | Sub-divided in 2004 | ||
| Wor Mamay | 30,135 | |||
| Yahya Khel | 30,161 | Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shahr District | ||
| Yosuf Khel | 32,648 | Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shahr District | ||
| Zarghun Shahr | Zarghun Shahr | 38,024 | Sub-divided in 2004 | |
| Ziruk | 43,190 |
Paktika’s population of 393,800 cannot be correct. World Food Programme puts Paktika’s Population at 809,772. The Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan IEC (iec.org.af) reported 268,238 registered voters for 2004 Afghanistan Presidential Election in Paktika.
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| Paktia Province | Khost Province | |||
| Ghazni Province | Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan | |||
| Paktika Province | ||||
| Zabul Province | Balochistan, Pakistan |